Tag: Manjaro

Errors “Incorrect definition of table mysql.event: expected column ‘definer’ at position 3 to have type varchar(, found type char(141)” and “Event Scheduler: An error occurred when initializing system tables. Disabling the Event Scheduler” (SOLVED)

Posted by Alex On June 1, 2022

When upgrading mariadb to version 10.8.3, the following messages were shown: 

warning: directory permissions differ on /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/auth_pam_tool_dir/
filesystem: 700  package: 755
:: MariaDB was updated to a new feature release. To update the data run:
   systemctl restart mariadb.service && mariadb-upgrade -u root -p

They contain information about two events that require the action of a system administrator or user.

The second one is more important, it says that to update the data, you need to run the specified commands.

An error occurred when initializing system tables. Disabling the Event Scheduler (SOLVED)

First, restart the DBMS service and check its status: 

sudo systemctl restart mariadb.service
systemctl status mariadb.service

Sample output: 

● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.8.3 database server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-06-01 03:40:27 MSK; 34s ago
       Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
             https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
    Process: 1271213 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 1271214 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= ||   VAR=`cd /usr/bin/..; /usr/bin/galera_recovery`; [ $? -eq 0 ]   && systemctl set-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION=$VAR || exit 1 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 1271261 ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 1271247 (mariadbd)
     Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
      Tasks: 14 (limit: 4690)
     Memory: 187.7M
        CPU: 788ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
             └─1271247 /usr/bin/mariadbd

Jun 01 03:40:26 suip.biz mariadbd[1271247]: 2022-06-01  3:40:26 0 [Note] InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12.000MiB.
Jun 01 03:40:26 suip.biz mariadbd[1271247]: 2022-06-01  3:40:26 0 [Note] InnoDB: log sequence number 38052502275; transaction id 74463190
Jun 01 03:40:26 suip.biz mariadbd[1271247]: 2022-06-01  3:40:26 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /var/lib/mysql/ib_buffer_pool
Jun 01 03:40:26 suip.biz mariadbd[1271247]: 2022-06-01  3:40:26 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '127.0.0.1'.
Jun 01 03:40:26 suip.biz mariadbd[1271247]: 2022-06-01  3:40:26 0 [ERROR] Incorrect definition of table mysql.event: expected column 'definer' at position 3 to have type varchar(, found type char(141).
Jun 01 03:40:26 suip.biz mariadbd[1271247]: 2022-06-01  3:40:26 0 [ERROR] mariadbd: Event Scheduler: An error occurred when initializing system tables. Disabling the Event Scheduler.
Jun 01 03:40:26 suip.biz mariadbd[1271247]: 2022-06-01  3:40:26 0 [Note] /usr/bin/mariadbd: ready for connections.
Jun 01 03:40:26 suip.biz mariadbd[1271247]: Version: '10.8.3-MariaDB'  socket: '/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 3306  Arch Linux
Jun 01 03:40:27 suip.biz systemd[1]: Started MariaDB 10.8.3 database server.
Jun 01 03:40:27 suip.biz mariadbd[1271247]: 2022-06-01  3:40:27 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 220601  3:40:27

On the one hand, the service is up and running. However, there are a few error messages as well as a few warnings. Most important messages: 

[ERROR] Incorrect definition of table mysql.event: expected column 'definer' at position 3 to have type varchar(, found type char(141).
[ERROR] mariadbd: Event Scheduler: An error occurred when initializing system tables. Disabling the Event Scheduler.

Action must be taken to fix errors.

To do this, run a database update: 

sudo mariadb-upgrade -u root -p

You will need to enter the password of the DBMS root user and wait for the command to complete.

Then restart the service again and check its status: 

sudo systemctl restart mariadb.service
systemctl status mariadb.service

As you can see, there are no errors.

directory permissions differ on /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/auth_pam_tool_dir/ filesystem: 700 package: 755 (SOLVED)

Now let's look at the second message: 

warning: directory permissions differ on /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/auth_pam_tool_dir/
filesystem: 700 package: 755

This is not an error, but a warning. The bottom line is that the permission on the /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/auth_pam_tool_dir/ directory differs between the actual value in the file system and the one specified in the installation package.

The most likely reasons for this are:

  • in the previous version of the package, different permissions were specified for the directory, and then the package maintainers decided to change them for one reason or another
  • you yourself changed the permissions to the specified directory

To bring the value of permissions to those recommended in the installation package, start by checking the current value: 

sudo ls -dl /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/auth_pam_tool_dir/

Then run the chmod command with the desired permissions: 

sudo chmod 755 /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/auth_pam_tool_dir/

Check your permissions again: 

sudo ls -dl /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/auth_pam_tool_dir/

As you can see in the following screenshot, the permissions to the specified directory have been changed:

How to download a package without installation in Arch Linux and Manjaro. How to download the AUR package source code

Posted by Alex On May 22, 2022

How to download a package with pacman (from standard repositories)

To download a package without installing it, use the -w option: 

sudo pacman -Sw PACKAGE

By default, the package will be downloaded to pacman's package cache directory, with the --cachedir option you can specify any other directory to save the package to: 

sudo pacman -Sw --cachedir DIRECTORY PACKAGE

For example, the following command will download the iw package installation file to the current directory (--cachedir .): 

sudo pacman -Sw --cachedir . iw

How to download an installation package and source code from the AUR

See also:

Packages from the Arch User Repository (AUR) are not so simple, since there are no ready-made installation packages in the AUR. Instead of installation packages, the AUR necessarily contains PKGBUILD files, which contain commands for building the package to be installed. In addition to the PKGBUILD file, other necessary files may also be present, such as patches for modifying the source code. Source code files and binaries are usually absent from the AUR repositories, instead, links and commands for downloading all necessary files and source code are written in the PKGBUILD file.

Therefore, there may be several options for downloading AUR packages:

  • package repository (PKGBUILD file and other related files)
  • all files needed to build the package (source code files and other files downloaded in PKGBUILD)
  • a ready-to-install package that is not available elsewhere and is built directly on the user's computer

Let's consider all these situations.

How to download the AUR repository

To download (clone) a repository from the AUR, you need to know its URL. The repository address can be viewed with a command like: 

pikaur-Si PACKAGE

For example: 

pikaur -Si deadbeef-git

In the output of the previous command, notice the line “AUR Git URL”: 

AUR Git URL     : https://aur.archlinux.org/deadbeef-git.git

To download (clone) use the following command: 

git clone AUR_GIT_URL

For example: 

git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/deadbeef-git.git

How to download AUR source code

Consider the following problem:

I need to change the source code in the program (meaning not the PKGBUILD file). How to download source files and unzip them?

To download the source code, you need to start by cloning the AUR repository, for this you need to know its URL. The repository address can be viewed with a command like: 

pikaur-Si PACKAGE

For example: 

pikaur -Si deadbeef-git

In the output of the previous command, notice the line “AUR Git URL”: 

AUR Git URL     : https://aur.archlinux.org/deadbeef-git.git

To download (clone) use the following command: 

git clone AUR_GIT_URL

For example: 

git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/deadbeef-git.git

Go to the folder with the downloaded repository 

cd deadbeef-git/

To download and extract files, use the following command: 

makepkg -o

If you want to skip dependency checking, then add the -d option: 

makepkg -od

The result of the previous commands will be to download the source code files needed to build the setup file from the AUR.

You can edit the files to suit your needs, and then build the installation file and install the package from it with the following command: 

makepkg -si

If, as a result of your actions, the package cannot be built due to a checksum mismatch, then use the following options: 

  --nocheck        Do not run the check() function in the PKGBUILD
  --skipchecksums  Do not verify checksums of the source files
  --skipinteg      Do not perform any verification checks on source files
  --skippgpcheck   Do not verify source files with PGP signatures

How to download the installation file from the AUR

As mentioned above, this is a slightly incorrect formulation of the problem, since the installation files are missing in the AUR.

To get the installation file, use the following set of commands: 

git clone AUR_GIT_URL
cd PACKAGE_DIRECTORY
makepkg -s

For example, downloading the source code, compiling the program, and building the installation package for deadbeef-git: 

git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/deadbeef-git.git
cd deadbeef-git/
makepkg -s

The command completed without errors:

As a result of the command, a file with the *.pkg.tar.zst extension was created (in this case, it is deadbeef-git-r10944.4469d86c7-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst):

“Error: failed to commit transaction (invalid or corrupted package)” (SOLVED)

Posted by Alex On May 2, 2022

When updating or installing packages in Arch Linux, Manjaro and their derivatives, you may encounter the “error: failed to commit transaction (invalid or corrupted package). Errors occurred, no packages were upgraded.” issue.

Full error log: 

:: Retrieving packages...
 libinih-55-2-x86_64                                15.4 KiB   385 KiB/s 00:00 [############################################] 100%
(40/40) checking keys in keyring                                               [############################################] 100%
(40/40) checking package integrity                                             [############################################] 100%
error: libinih: signature from "Maxime Gauduin <alucryd@gmail.com>" is marginal trust
:: File /var/cache/pacman/pkg/libinih-55-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst is corrupted (invalid or corrupted package (PGP signature)).
Do you want to delete it? [Y/n] y
error: failed to commit transaction (invalid or corrupted package)
Errors occurred, no packages were upgraded.

In this case, the error occurs when trying to update the libinih package, but it can occur for other packages as well.

First, try delete the package, as recommended, and run the update again to download the installation package file. This will resolve the issue if the error is caused by a corrupted package, such as a network outage.

If this does not help, then instead of a complete update of the system, run the update of the archlinux-keyring package: 

sudo pacman -Sy archlinux-keyring

This should fix the PGP signature verification issue.

This error and the problem with incorrect PGP signature can occur on systems that are rarely updated (updated with long breaks). The error lies in the fact that packages with “invalid” PGP signatures are signed with keys that are contained in the updated version of the archlinux-keyring package. Therefore, by starting with updating archlinux-keyring you get new versions of the keys, which then successfully verify the PGP signatures of the package files.

Error “cannot resolve dependency lib32 (32-bit library)” (SOLVED)

Posted by Alex On September 1, 2021

When installing a package on Arch Linux or a distro derived from it, for example, by running the following command: 

sudo pacman -S trid

an error may occur stating that dependencies could not be resolved. The name of this dependency can contain the number “32” or the string “lib32”, that is, it is a 32-bit package, for example: 

resolving dependencies...
warning: cannot resolve "lib32-ncurses", a dependency of "trid"
:: The following package cannot be upgraded due to unresolvable dependencies:
      trid

:: Do you want to skip the above package for this upgrade? [y/N]

To fix this error, multilib must be enabled.

The multilib repository is the official repository that allows the user to run and build 32-bit applications on 64-bit Arch Linux.

To enable multilib, open the text file /etc/pacman.conf: 

sudo gedit /etc/pacman.conf

Find and uncomment the lines in it (make sure to uncomment both lines, otherwise the changes will not take effect): 

[multilib]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

Update package information: 

sudo pacman -Sy

And re-run the package installer – this time all dependencies should be resolved.

How to install PowerShell on Arch Linux, Manjaro, BlackArch

Posted by Alex On March 25, 2021

PowerShell on Linux

PowerShell is a cross-platform automation and configuration tool/platform. PowerShell has a large number of system administration-oriented commands. But at the same time, PowerShell is a full-fledged programming language that allows you to write functional programs (scripts).

Note that PowerShell 5 is currently preinstalled on Windows by default, but this manual shows the installation of the latest version of PowerShell 7. On Windows, you can also install PowerShell 7.

Due to the differences between Windows and Linux operating systems, not all PowerShell functions work on Linux.

Installing PowerShell 7 on Arch Linux, Manjaro, BlackArch

It is recommended to install the pikaur utility according to the article “Automatic installation and update of AUR packages” and then just run the command: 

pikaur -S powershell-bin

If you don't want to install pikaur, then run the following command sequence to install PowerShell: 

git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/powershell-bin.git
cd powershell-bin
makepkg -si

How to run PowerShell on Arch Linux, Manjaro, BlackArch

To start an interactive PowerShell session, run the command: 

pwsh

Linux PowerShell Examples

To list all PS commands on your computer, open PowerShell (pwsh command), and enter there: 

Get-Command

It is possible to filter the information displayed by the Get-Command command. Let's say you want to see PowerShell commands containing the word “Alias”, for this you need to run the following command: 

Get-Command -Name *Alias

To display help about a command (cmdlet) use the following: 

Get-Help COMMANDLET

For example, to display help about the Get-Alias cmdlet: 

Get-Help Get-Alias

To get the most complete help on Get-Command, do the following: 

Get-Help Get-Command -Full

To display the contents of a folder (in this case the root of the file system), run: 

Get-ChildItem /

To list processes run: 

Get-Process

To stop the process with ID 10500 use the command as shown below: 

Get-Process -Id 10500 | Stop-Process

See also “Linux PowerShell Basics (Beginner's Guide)”.

Chromium will no longer sync passwords - what should Linux users do?

Posted by Alex On March 4, 2021

Chrome and Chromium on Linux

Everyone knows the Google Chrome web browser. Chromium is at its core. That is, Chromium is the open source web browser that Google builds on the Chrome web browser, adding proprietary (i.e. closed) code to it.

The Chrome browser is distributed by Google itself as compiled files. The Chromium browser is available as open source. For this reason, Chrome is popular among Windows users - most Windows users install binaries compiled by the authors on their system and do not see anything strange in this.

It's a little different on Linux. Linux users also download and install compiled packages, but compilation is done by the distribution maintainers using the source code of the programs. This is in line with the spirit of Linux and its licenses. Closed source packages are placed in separate repositories (package sources for installation).

For this reason, it is Chromium that is prevalent among Linux users, and Chrome is often absent from the repositories. But until recently, browsers were almost identical, so you could use Chromium just like Chrome.

The Chrome/Chromium web browser makes extensive use of Google's APIs. These APIs include, for example, password and bookmark synchronization. But Google announced that from March 2021, some APIs will be available only in the Chrome web browser, but will be disabled in Chromium, as well as in all third-party browsers that use Chromium as their basis. Disabled APIs include password synchronization.

I don't mind third-party web browsers - just imagine that if you log into your Google account on a third-party browser, thanks to the password synchronization function, it gets access to all (!) your passwords on all (!) websites. Many untrustworthy Chromium-based web browsers have sprung up about the creators of which cannot be found and whose source code is not published (sometimes despite their assurances).

But what's really annoying is that important functions will no longer work in Chromium too. From a full-fledged alternative to Chrome, Chromium has now become a web browser with limited functions.

If you don't use password sync, then you have nothing to worry about

Despite the anger of the maintainers of some distributions and threats to stop supporting or even kick the web browser out of the repositories, apparently no one will do it. Therefore, if you do not need the function of synchronizing passwords and bookmarks, then you can safely continue using Chromium on Linux.

But what about Linux users who use Chromium and need password sync and other features? Let's consider several options.

1. Stop using the password sync feature in web browsers

Yes, the fact that all your passwords are stored by strangers is bad, to put it mildly. But it's super convenient if you have more than one device (computer, phone, tablet, second computer, more virtual computers…). But if you think about it, it's like giving the keys to your apartment to an outsider, so that when you appear, he opens and closes the door to your apartment, and you don't have to climb into your pockets for keys. Conveniently. But you have no idea what happens to your keys while you are away.

Therefore, one option is to continue using Chromium, but stop using the password sync feature.

2. Switch to Firefox

Firefox is open source and also has a password sync feature. If you want to show Google that you are not satisfied with this change, you can switch to Firefox. Just in case - if your passwords are synchronized using Firefox, then it is no better or worse than if they are stored by Google.

3. Install Chrome on Linux

In fact, installing Chrome from Google itself on Linux is trivial. So you can go the same route that most Windows users do - just install a web browser with proprietary code.

In Debian, Linux Mint, Ubuntu, Kali Linux and their derivatives, to install Google Chrome, just run the commands: 

wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i ./google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo apt install -f

That's all! At the same time, during the installation of the web browser, the Google repository will be added to the list of repositories and Chrome will be updated along with the rest of the packages in the system.

In Arch Linux, Manjaro, BlackArch and their derivatives, to install Google Chrome, just run the command: 

pikaur -S google-chrome

If you have not yet installed pikaur, then install it according to the instructions “Automatic installation and update of AUR packages”.

To update a web browser package, you will need to run a system update using pikaur - this command is to update both packages from the system repositories and from the AUR: 

pikaur -Syu

4. Extensions for synchronization with encryption (Bitwarden)

You can install an extension like Bitwarden and continue using Chromium.

Bitwarden uses end-to-end encryption, meaning passwords are synchronized encrypted. Moreover, the source code is open even for the server, that is, you can synchronize without any third-party participants at all.

Bitwarden works with almost any device and browser you can think of: Windows, Mac, Linux; iOS and Android; Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge and many other niche browsers. This gives you freedom of movement, unlike browser password managers.

Conclusion

Which option did you choose or, perhaps, made some other decision?

How to view package information in Arch Linux (BlackArch, Manjaro)

Posted by Alex On February 18, 2021

For each package in the system, you can find out such information as: version number, description, developer site, dependencies, recommended dependencies, packages with which there is a conflict, size, etc.

The commands described in this post work the same in Arch Linux, as well as all distributions based on it, such as BlackArch, Manjaro and others.

If you are interested in very brief information about the package - description, version number, and whether the package is installed, then you can use a command like this: 

pacman -Ss PACKAGE-NAME

To display all available information about a package, use a command like: 

pacman -Si PACKAGE_NAME

To view information about a package installed from the AUR, use a command like: 

pikaur -Si PACKAGE NAME

For pikaur see the detailed article “Automatic installation and update of AUR packages”.

In addition to the usual information such as version, description, site address, dependencies, and more, the pikaur command will also show information typical of the AUR: ratings, popularity, when it was first presented, and so on.

So, using the -Si option and pacman or pikaur commands, you can display information about any package.

How to completely uninstall a package along with dependencies on Arch Linux (as well as BlackArch and Manjaro)

Posted by Alex On February 18, 2021

This tutorial uses pacman as the package management (uninstallation) program, but you can also use pikaur or yay instead, since the options discussed are the same for all these package managers.

Related: Automatic installation and update of AUR packages

A typical command to uninstall a program that will remove all package files: 

sudo pacman -R PACKAGE

Indeed it will remove the specified package, but the configuration files of the package will remain, which will be renamed - the .pacsave extension has been added, and the dependencies that were installed for this package will remain.

To completely remove the program along with all its dependencies and without saving the configuration files, use a command like this: 

sudo pacman -Rscun PACKAGE

This command uses the following options:

-c, --cascade

Remove all target packages, as well as all packages that depend on one or more target packages. This operation is recursive and must be used with caution as it can remove many potentially needed packages.

-n, --nosave

Instructs pacman to ignore backup configuration files. Usually, when a package is removed from the system, the database checks whether the configuration file should be renamed (the .pacsave extension is appended to it). When using this option, this does not happen - the configuration files are completely deleted.

-s, --recursive

Removes every specified target, including all its dependencies, provided that: (A) they are not required by other packages; and (B) they were not explicitly installed by the user. This operation is recursive and similar to the reverse --sync operation, and it helps to keep the system clean without orphans. If you want to skip condition (B), write the option twice.

-u, --unneeded

Removes targets that are not required by other packages. This is mostly useful when removing a group without using the -c option to avoid breaking any dependencies.

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